A whole life cycle performance-based ECOnomic and ECOlogical assessment framework (ECO2) for concrete sustainability

Concrete is the primary building material worldwide with a substantial impact on built environment sustainability. Hence, it necessary to assess concrete’s combined functionality, economic and environmental impact. In this paper, two concrete sustainability assessment frameworks, MARS-SC CONCRETop, were studied. Building identified gaps, new framework, ECO2 was developed. multi-criteria decision analysis framework that accounts for carbon sequestration of concrete, allocation raw materials, from use end-of-life phases. could be used optimize proportions mix based user-defined objective. A case study concluded that, due whole life cycle scope, calculated through 20% higher than by CONCRETop. reinforced where service requirements are different, ranking alternatives according will significantly change comparatively.